![]() ![]() However, the dimensions of its meanings vary across languages and dialects. Overall, our data supports the Filler-As-Words hypothesis that filled pauses are used communicatively. Japanese uses different filled pauses to signal levels of interaction with the interlocuter. Chinese uses different filled pauses to signal the syntactic category of the problem constituent. In relation to filled pauses, British but not American English uses “um” to signal a more severe problem than “uh”. We found that SAQs address different problems in different languages (most frequently about memory-retrieval in English and Chinese, and about appropriateness in Japanese). This paper evaluates this Filler-As-Words hypothesis by analyzing the distribution of self-addressed-questions or SAQs (such as “what’s the word”) in relation to filled pauses. Clark and Fox Tree (Cognition 84(1):73–111, 2002) propose that filled pauses are words,and that different forms signal different lengths of delay. ![]() ![]() There is an ongoing debate whether phenomena of disfluency (such as filled pauses) are produced communicatively. ![]()
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